Journal of Islamic Dental Association of IRAN
Volume:29 Issue: 2, 2017 Spring

High consumption of carbonated diet soda is the most common etiologic factor for dental erosion. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microhardness of the enamel surface eroded by cola after treatment with Remin Pro and neutral sodium fluoride.
This in vitro experimental study was performed on 20 extracted premolars with no corrosion, abrasion, crack or hypocalcification. To properly evaluate the microhardness, the buccal surface of samples was polished with sandpaper and then the teeth were immersed in acidic drinks to achieve demineralization. Next, the microhardness was measured at three new points and the samples were randomly divid-ed into two groups for application of neutral sodium fluoride and Ramin Pro. Duration of treatment was in accord with the manufacturer's instructions and the microhardness of the samples was measured again.
Significant differences were found between the two groups after the treatment, and the fluoride group showed higher microhardness (P=0.04). Also, the microhardness value was significantly different at the three time points (P Cola decreased the enamel microhardness while Remin Pro and neutral sodium fluoride increased the microhardness of enamel. Neutral sodium fluoride showed better remineralizing effect on enamel microhardness.

Preparation of tooth structure by laser systems produces a surface with different characteristics. Therefore, selecting an appropriate bonding system is necessary to achieve the maximum bond strength. The aim of this study was to compare the bond strength of Adper Single Bond 2 adhesive and Single Bond Univer-sal to dentin prepared by bur or laser.
In this experimental study, 48 third molars were collected. The enamel was abraded by wet grinding to achieve flat surfaces of dentin. Samples were divided into 4 groups. Group 1: bur preparation Single Bond Universal adhesive, Group 2: bur preparation Adper Single Bond 2, Group 3: Er:YAG laser preparation Single Bond Universal adhesive and Group 4: Er:YAG laser Adper Single Bond 2. Nanocom-posites were bonded to the samples. The shear bond strength was measured. Failure mode was evaluated under a stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA. The level of significance was considered as 0.05.
The shear bond strength of the laser group was significantly lower than that of bur group (P0.05). The failure mode in all groups was mainly mixed.
Preparation of dentin by Er: YAG laser decreased the bond strength in comparison to diamond bur preparation. The type of adhesive did not affect the bond strength, regardless of the preparation method.

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is considered to be the most common malignancy in humans and occurs primarily in the skin especially in the head and neck region. Considering the high recurrence rate of the tumor, finding a marker for prediction of recurrence is very important. Cancer stem cells are a small subpopulation in the tumors that are related to tumorigenesis and recurrence and OCT4 is a known stem cell marker. The present study was designed to explore the relation between expres-sion of OCT4 in the head and neck basal cell carcinoma and recurrence of the tumor.
This study was performed on 84 patients with head and neck BCC who were followed up for 24 months. Immunohistochemical expression of OCT4 was assessed in paraffin embedded blocks.
Positive expression of OCT4 was significantly associated with the recurrence rate (P We conclude that the expression of OCT4 can serve as a predictive marker for tumor recurrence in the head and neck basal cell carcinoma.

Midazolam is among routine agents used for inducing safe sedation. This study was designed to compare the sedative effect of oral administration of midazolam (Elixir vs Vial) in fearful children during dental treatment.
A randomized double blind clinical trial was conducted in a cross over style on 20 young fearful aged 3-6 years with Frankl behavioral scale of 1. Children were randomly divided into two groups. Group I received 0.5 mg/kg Midazolam Vial and 1 mg/kg Hydroxyzine oral at their first visit and 0.5 mg/kg Midazolam Elixir and 1 mg/kg Hydroxyzine oral in their second visit. In group II, the medication order was reversed. Houpt scale was used to measure the sedation level in both groups. Vital signs of heart rate and SpO2 were recorded during the procedure. Paired t-test, Wilcoxson and McNamara were employed to statistically analyze and compare the collected data between two groups.
Based on the collected data, Houpt scale was seemingly improved more after taking elixir compare to the vial, however the difference was not statistically significant (P= 0.393). There was no significant difference between the success rate of the two methods (P= 0.625). All physiologic parameters were within the normal range with no significant difference between two groups and sessions.
The level of success between the two groups for sedation was not statistically different and were almost the same. This may indicate a success full use of the vial for oral application in certain cases of compromised cooperation.

Fibrous dysplasia (FD) and ossifying fibroma (OF) are the most important fibro-osseous lesions (FOLs) of the jaws with similarities in radiographic and morphological features while showing completely different biological behavior. Limited studies have been evaluated immunohistochemistry markers, such as osteopontin (OPN) and osteocalcin to help differentiate these two lesions. This study aimed to assess the immunoexpression of OPN and Ki67 as potential markers for differentiation of different FOLs.
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 12 FD, 19 OF, and eight FOL samples retrieved from the archives of the department of oral pathology. The specimens were examined immunohistochemically using streptavidin-biotin method for OPN and Ki67. The intensity score (IS), proportional score (PS) and total score (TS) were assessed in hard and soft tissue matrix and in mesenchymal cells for Ki67. The data were analyzed by independent samples Kruskal-Wallis.
Osteopontin showed positive immunoreaction in both stromal and trabecular components of all FDs and OFs. Among the scores, PS and TS of bone trabeculae were significantly different in FD and OF (P=0.005). Nevertheless, no significant difference was observed in Ki67 expression in mesenchymal cells (P=0.880) and OPN scores in soft tissue matrix between the lesions; their P-value were 0.336, 0.340 and 0.415 for IS, TS, and PS, respectively.
Osteopontin can serve as a useful marker for differential diagnosis of FD and OF. However, we suggest evaluation of other NCMPs, especially functionally similar molecules such as bone sialoproteins (BSPs) in FOLs for differential diagnosis.

Space maintenance in primary dentition in patients with early loss of several primary molars is a clinical challenge for pedodontists. In these cases, the conventional distal shoe appliance cannot be used and the efficacy of removable appliances is questionable. Thus, appliances with special designs providing increased patient acceptance and optimal efficacy are required in these cases.
Case Reports: In this article, we report the successful use of modified distal shoe appliance in a number of patients who suffered from a bilateral early loss of primary molars. In this design, a fixed bilateral appliance was fabricated and incorporated with a distal extension of a conventional distal shoe appliance. A removable appliance was replaced the modified distal shoe appliance as soon as the first permanent molars erupt.
The use of a modified distal shoe appliance seems to be a good choice for space maintenance in patients with bilateral loss of primary molars.